As well as hormonal and genetic factors, a number of other factors can contribute to hair loss. Understanding these causes can help to better target treatments and prevent the progression of baldness:
Stress: Stress can disrupt the hair growth cycle. It causes an increase in levels of cortisol, a hormone that can interfere with the hair growth phase (anagen phase). This can lead to a condition called telogen effluvium, where hair falls out more quickly than usual.
Diet: A lack of vitamins and minerals can weaken hair follicles. For example, a lack of iron, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and biotin can lead to hair loss. An unbalanced diet, rich in sugars and saturated fats, can also have a negative impact on the health of your hair.
Lifestyle: Habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can be detrimental to hair health. Smoking reduces blood flow to the scalp, depriving hair follicles of the nutrients they need. Alcohol, on the other hand, can lead to dehydration and nutritional deficiencies, weakening the hair.
Hair products and treatments: Excessive use of harsh chemicals in shampoos, colourings and hair treatments can damage hair follicles and lead to hair loss. Excessive heat from hairdryers and straightening irons can also weaken hair and cause breakage.
Diseases and medication: Certain illnesses such as thyroid disorders, lupus and diabetes can cause hair loss. In addition, certain medications, such as those used to treat cancer, hypertension, depression and heart disease, can cause hair loss as a side effect.
Environmental factors: Exposure to environmental pollutants and toxins can also damage the hair and scalp. The sun's UV rays can weaken hair and leave the scalp dry and irritated.
As we age, hair follicles tend to produce thinner and fewer hairs. This is partly due to a reduction in the size of the follicles and a decrease in the hair growth phase.